诺贝尔的遗嘱全文(中/英译文)
阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔在遗嘱中设立了诺贝尔奖。2018年,诺贝尔基金会发布了遗嘱的新版英文译本,以让大众更易理解阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的初衷。以下为遗嘱的中英文全译文:
阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱全文
本人(即下方签署人),阿尔弗雷德·伯恩哈德·诺贝尔,经慎重考虑,兹就死后留下的财产,立以下为最后遗嘱:
我的侄子,即我的兄弟罗伯特·诺贝尔的儿子,加尔马和卢德维格·诺贝尔,将分别获得20万克朗。
我的侄子艾曼纽·诺贝尔将获得30万克朗,我的侄女米娜·诺贝尔将获得10万克朗。
我的兄弟罗伯特·诺贝尔的女儿,英格伯格和泰拉将分别获得10万克朗。
现居住于巴黎圣弗洛伦丁街十号布兰德太太家中的奥尔加·勃特格小姐,将获得10万法郎。
地址在维也纳Anglo-Oesterreichische银行的苏菲·卡皮·冯·卡皮瓦女士,有权领取6000弗洛林年金。这些钱将由上述银行支付。为此,我已在该银行存入15万弗洛林匈牙利主权债券。
居住在斯德哥尔摩斯的图尔加坦大街26号的阿拉里克·利德贝克先生,将获得10万克朗。
居住在巴黎吕贝克街32号的伊丽莎·安图小姐,有权领取2500法郎年金。此外,她有权获得48000法郎,这笔财产属于她,目前存放在我这里。
美国德克萨斯州沃特福德的阿尔弗雷德·哈蒙德先生将获得1万美元。
柏林波茨坦大街51号的艾米·温克尔曼小姐和玛丽·温克尔曼小姐将分别获得5万马克。
法国尼姆维亚杜克比斯大道2号的高彻夫人将获得10万法郎。
受雇于我在圣雷莫的实验室的奥古斯特·奥斯瓦尔德和他的妻子阿尔方斯·图尔南德,将分别获得1000法郎年金。
我的前雇员,居住在法国萨昂郡圣洛朗5号的约瑟夫·吉拉多,有权领取500法郎年金;我的前园丁让·勒考夫,目前在法国埃库昂的税务官德苏特夫人处工作,将获得300法郎的年金。
巴黎康比涅街2号的乔治·费伦巴赫先生有权自1896年1月1日起至1899年1月1日止领取5000法郎的年度养恤金。
我兄弟的孩子——加尔马、卢德维格、英格伯格和泰拉各有2万克朗的存款,存放在我这里,有收据为证,这笔财产将返还给他们。
所有剩余的可变现资产将按以下方式分配:由我的遗嘱执行人将资金转换为安全证券,设立基金,其利息将作为奖励,每年给予那些在上一年为全人类最大利益作出贡献的人。利息平均分成五份,分配如下:一份给予在物理学领域做出最重要发现或发明者;一份给予做出最重要化学发现或改进者;一份给予在生理学或医学领域做出最重要发现者;一份给予在文学领域创作出具有理想主义色彩的最杰出作品者;一份给予为增进各国间的友谊、取消或裁减常备军、建立和促进和平会议做出最多或最佳努力者。物理奖和化学奖由瑞典科学院颁发;生理学或医学奖由斯德哥尔摩卡罗琳斯卡研究所颁发;文学奖由斯德哥尔摩学院颁发;和平奖由挪威议会遴选出的五人委员会颁发。我明确希望授予奖励时不考虑(获奖人的)国籍,将奖励颁给最有价值的人,无论他们是否是斯堪的纳维亚人。
我指定居住在瓦姆兰博福斯的拉格纳尔·索尔曼先生,以及居住在斯德哥尔摩分水岭大街31号和靠近乌德瓦拉的本茨福什的鲁道夫·利杰奎斯特先生,作为我的遗嘱执行人。作为对他们的关心和努力的补偿,我将给予拉格纳尔·索尔曼先生10万克朗,他大概会在这件事上花费最长时间。鲁道夫·利杰奎斯特先生将获得5万克朗。
我目前的资产一部分来自巴黎和圣雷莫的房产;一部分是在格拉斯哥和伦敦的苏格兰联合银行、里昂信贷银行、埃斯普尔特国家银行以及巴黎的阿尔芬·梅斯公司中持有的证券;同样在巴黎的跨大西洋银行的股票经纪人M.V. Peter存管的证券;在柏林的Disconto-Gesellschaft(银行)和Joseph Goldschmidt公司中的证券;在俄罗斯中央银行,以及圣彼得堡的伊曼纽尔·诺贝尔先生存管的证券;在哥德堡和斯德哥尔摩的斯堪的纳维亚信贷公司中,在斯德哥尔摩的恩斯基尔达银行和巴黎马拉科夫大街59号的保险箱中的证券;还有应收账款、专利,应支付给我的专利费或版税等,我的遗嘱执行人可以在我的文件和书籍中找到相关信息。
到目前为止,这份遗嘱是唯一有效的。在我死后,如果发现以往有关资产处置的遗嘱,一概作废。
最后,我明确地希望,在我死后我的动脉被切断。当这项工作完成,称职的医生确认了明显的死亡迹象后,我的遗体在火葬场火化。
1895年11月27日,巴黎
阿尔弗雷德·伯恩哈德·诺贝尔
__________________________________
我们作为签字的见证人,证明阿尔弗雷德·伯恩哈德·诺贝尔先生签署这份文件时具有健全的头脑和自由的意志。他在我们面前宣布这是他的最后遗嘱:
西格德·埃伦堡
前中尉
巴黎奥斯曼大道84号
R·W·斯特伦纳特
土木工程师
卡罗琳大道4号
托斯·诺登菲尔特
建造师
巴黎奥贝尔街8号
伦纳德·霍斯
土木工程师
卡罗琳大道4号
英文版由Jeffrey Ganellen翻译,2018
I, the undersigned, Alfred Bernhard Nobel, after mature deliberation, hereby declare the following to be my last will and testament with regard to such property as I may leave upon my death:
My nephews, Hjalmar and Ludvig Nobel, sons of my brother Robert Nobel, will each receive the sum of two hundred thousand crowns;
My nephew Emmanuel Nobel will receive the sum of three hundred thousand, and my niece Mina Nobel one hundred thousand crowns;
My brother Robert Nobel’s daughters, Ingeborg and Tyra, will each receive the sum of one hundred thousand crowns;
Miss Olga Boettger, presently residing with Mrs Brand, 10 Rue St Florentin in Paris, will receive one hundred thousand francs;
Mrs Sofie Kapy von Kapivar, whose address is known to the Anglo-Oesterreichische Bank in Vienna, is entitled to an annuity of 6000 florins Ö.W. which will be paid to her by the aforementioned bank, and to this end I have deposited in this bank the amount of 150 000 florins in Hungarian sovereign bonds.
Mr Alarik Liedbeck, residing at 26 Sturegatan, Stockholm, will receive one hundred thousand crowns;
Miss Elise Antun, residing at 32 Rue de Lubeck, Paris, is entitled to an annuity of two thousand five hundred francs. In addition, she is entitled to be repaid forty-eight thousand francs of capital that belongs to her and is currently deposited with me;
Mr Alfred Hammond, of Waterford, Texas, United States, will receive ten thousand dollars;
Miss Emmy Winkelmann and Miss Marie Winkelmann, of Potsdamerstrasse 51, Berlin, will each receive fifty thousand marks;
Mrs Gaucher, of 2 bis Boulevard du Viaduc, Nimes, France will receive one hundred thousand francs;
My servants, Auguste Oswald and his wife Alphonse Tournand, employed at my laboratory at San Remo, will each receive an annuity of one thousand francs;
My former servant, Joseph Girardot, of 5 Place St. Laurent, Châlons sur Saône, France, is entitled to an annuity of five hundred francs, and my former gardener, Jean Lecof, residing with Mrs Desoutter, receveur Curaliste, Mesnil, Aubry pour Ecouen, S.& O., France, will receive an annuity of three hundred francs.
Mr Georges Fehrenbach, of 2 Rue Compiègne, Paris, is entitled to collect an annual pension of five thousand francs from 1 January [1896] to 1 January 1899, when it will cease.
My brother’s children – Hjalmar, Ludvig, Ingeborg and Tyra – each have a sum of twenty thousand crowns, deposited with me against acknowledgement of receipt, which will be repaid to them;
All of my remaining realisable assets are to be disbursed as follows: the capital, converted to safe securities by my executors, is to constitute a fund, the interest on which is to be distributed annually as prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The interest is to be divided into five equal parts and distributed as follows: one part to the person who made the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics; one part to the person who made the most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who, in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction; and one part to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses. The prizes for physics and chemistry are to be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical achievements by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm; and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my express wish that when awarding the prizes, no consideration be given to nationality, but that the prize be awarded to the worthiest person, whether or not they are Scandinavian.
As executors of my testamentary dispositions, I appoint Mr Ragnar Sohlman, resident in Bofors, Värmland, and Mr Rudolf Liljequist, of 31 Malmskillnadsgatan, Stockholm, and Bengtsfors, close to Uddevalla. As compensation for their attention and efforts, I grant to Mr Ragnar Sohlman, who will probably devote most time to this matter, one hundred thousand crowns, and to Mr Rudolf Liljequist, fifty thousand crowns;
My assets currently consist partly of real estate in Paris and San Remo, and partly of securities deposited with the Union Bank of Scotland Ltd in Glasgow and London, with Crédit Lyonnais, Comptoir National d’Escompte, and with Alphen, Messin & Co. in Paris; with stockbroker M.V. Peter of Banque Transatlantique, also in Paris; with the Direction der Disconto Gesellschaft and with Joseph Goldschmidt & Cie in Berlin; with the Russian Central Bank, and with Mr Emmanuel Nobel in Petersburg; with Skandinaviska Kreditaktiebolaget in Gothenburg and Stockholm, with Enskilda Banken in Stockholm and in my strong box at 59 Avenue Malakoff, Paris; as well as of accounts receivable, patents, patent fees or royalties due to me, etc. about which my executors will find information in my papers and books.
As of now, this will and testament is the only one that is valid, and revokes all my previous testamentary dispositions, should any such be found after my death.
Finally, it is my express wish that following my death, my arteries be severed, and when this has been done and competent doctors have confirmed clear signs of death, my remains be incinerated in a crematorium.
Paris, 27 November, 1895
Alfred Bernhard Nobel
We, the undersigned witnesses, attest that Mr Alfred Bernhard Nobel, being of sound mind and of his own free will, signed this document, which he declared in the presence of us all to be his last will and testament:
Sigurd Ehrenborg
former Lieutenant
Paris: 84 Boulevard Haussmann
R. W. Strehlenert
Civil Engineer
4, Passage Caroline
Thos Nordenfelt
Constructor
8, Rue Auber, Paris
Leonard Hwass
Civil Engineer
4, Passage Caroline
Translation by Jeffrey Ganellen 2018
关于发布诺贝尔遗嘱的新版英文译本,诺贝尔基金会(Nobel Foundation)执行董事拉尔斯·海肯斯滕(Lars Heikensten)认为,诺贝尔的意愿和价值观比以往任何时候都更加重要。
Q:阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱背后有什么故事?
A:1896年阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔去世时,他的临终遗嘱如同星星之火,引发了诺贝尔奖的诞生。阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔是瑞典的实业家和发明家,他相信进步、科学和人文主义。他希望奖励这种进步,并在这份引人瞩目的文件中概述了他的意愿:诺贝尔奖的授予不考虑获奖者的国籍,获奖者将发挥榜样作用,激励更多人行善。
第一届诺贝尔奖于1901年颁发,奖项包括诺贝尔物理学、化学、生理学或医学、文学以及和平奖。
Q:这份遗嘱对诺贝尔基金会意味着什么?
A:这对我们意义重大——它为我们如何运营制定了指导方针。诺贝尔基金会完全有义务履行诺贝尔遗嘱中的意愿。
Q:为什么对遗嘱进行重新翻译?
A:我们希望这是一份具有生命力的文件,阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的话能被许多人阅读。为了确保这一点,你同样需要更新语言,以适应当代读者。
Q:这版翻译有什么变化?
A:可能引起人们兴趣的一点在于这一关键表述:该奖项应授予那些为“全人类最大利益”(the greatest benefit to humankind)作出贡献的人。早前版本中使用的是“mankind”(人类),但现在这个词理应进行更新。
Q:诺贝尔的遗嘱在今天有多重要?
A:诺贝尔在遗嘱中勾勒出的思维方式比以往任何时候都更有意义。在我们如今生活的时代,基于事实的推理和言论自由在世界许多地方都受到挑战。我们需要捍卫这些价值观。作为诺贝尔基金会,我们有责任这么做。
注:诺贝尔到底有多少遗产?据说,这是连诺贝尔自己也不十分清楚的问题……经过索尔曼等人数年在多国之间来回奔波,终于在1900年对诺贝尔遗产的清理有了一个初步的轮廓。诺贝尔遗产变换为现金的总额是33233792瑞典克朗,约为920万美元。
(编辑:燕铭时评;转自互联网)
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